Search Results

What is Sterilization? Tubal Ligation Vasectomy What is Sterilization? Sterilization can be defined as a “permanent method of birth control” for individuals who no longer wish to have the ability to reproduce and have children. There are two major methods of sterilization. The common procedure for people with a uterus is called tubal ligation, which involves disrupting the fallopian tubes. For those with testicles, the common procedure is a vasectomy. Tubal Ligation Procedure During a tubal ligation, a woman's fallopian tubes are either cut, tied, or blocked in order to prevent an egg from traveling from the woman’s ovaries to her uterus, as well as to prevent the sperm from traveling from the uterus through the fallopian tube where it would typically meet with an egg for fertilization, therefore preventing pregnancy. This procedure is commonly referred to as getting one's “tubes tied.” The procedure takes place while the patient is placed under general anesthesia, where the doctor will go in and tie both fallopian tubes. However, upon waking up, the patient is able to finish their recovery at home. Tubal ligation often involves one of two processes: a minilaparotomy, in which a small incision is made and fallopian tubes are pulled up for access, or a laparoscopy, in which a small device is inserted near the navel to view the reproductive organs, and another small incision is made where an instrument is inserted to perform the tubal ligation. After the procedure is complete and the patient has recovered, they can expect to continue to have regular menstrual cycles, periods, and sex. Effectiveness Tubal litigations are almost 100% effective, with less than 1% of women becoming pregnant after. However, upon the rare chance of successful fertilization, there is a high chance an ectopic pregnancy will occur. This is when a fertilized egg gets implanted within the fallopian tube rather than the uterus. These types of pregnancies are not viable and must be terminated for the mother’s health. While tubal ligations are seen as a permanent procedure, it is possible to reverse the surgery and “untie” one’s tubes. However, the possibility of fertilization and pregnancy is greatly reduced to a success rate of between 50%-80% according to John Hopkins Medicine. Vasectomy Procedure During a vasectomy, the vas deferens are either cut, tied, or sealed to prevent sperm from traveling. The sperm, which are produced in the scrotum, usually travel via the vas deferens to be incorporated into a male’s semen for ejaculation. Since these tubes are disrupted, the sperm is no longer able to leave the scrotum. Therefore, the semen no longer contains any sperm which would normally be present and lead to possible fertilization. Typically, the procedure involves a general anesthetic and one or two small incisions near the scrotum in which each vas deferens is pulled through. Doctors will then cut out a small section of each tube and tie the ends back together, sealing the connection with heat. A further blockage forms during recovery as scar tissue builds up. Most vasectomies are reversible, but your chances of success are significantly reduced the longer you've had a vasectomy. Effectiveness When compared to female sterilization, vasectomies tend to be slightly more effective in preventing pregnancy. However, it typically takes around 2-4 months for a patient's semen to become sperm-free. Before that point, there is still a chance for fertilization, so couples should use alternative birth control methods or abstain from sexual intercourse to prevent an unwanted pregnancy. There are tests available to measure the sperm count within a male’s semen sample and confirm that none are present. Overall, there are very few risks involved with a vasectomy, and it is deemed an overall safer procedure than female sterilization. Some patients may experience minor bleeding or infection. However, there are no major risks involved in the procedure. Sexually Transmitted Infections While both female and male sterilization are very effective in preventing pregnancy, they do not prevent sexually transmitted infections and provide no barrier against contracting one. Because of this, individuals should continue to use either an internal or external condom in order to prevent the possible transmission of a sexually transmitted infection. References Sterilization for Women and Men. (2019). Acog.org. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/sterilization-for-women-and-men#:~:text=Sterilization%20is%20a%20permanent%20method,for%20men%20is%20called%20vasectomy ‌ Tubal Ligation. (2021). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/tubal-ligation#:~:text=Tubal%20ligation%20is%20surgical%20procedure,fallopian%20tube%20to%20the%20uterus ‌ Tubal ligation - Mayo Clinic. (2021). Mayoclinic.org; https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tubal-ligation/about/pac-20388360#:~:text=During%20tubal%20ligation%2C%20the%20fallopian,t%20affect%20your%20menstrual%20cycle

What is the Birth Control Patch? How it Works Using it Effectively What is the Birth Control Patch? The birth control patch is a thin, square patch that is approximately 2 inches by 2 inches and sticks to the skin. Each patch comes individually wrapped and releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream to prevent pregnancy. How it Works The combination of the hormones progesterone and estrogen prevents ovulation; that is, the release of an egg from the ovaries during a uterus’s monthly cycle. Without an egg, pregnancy is impossible because there is nothing for sperm to fertilize. The hormones in the patch also thicken the mucus produced in the cervix, therefore making it difficult for sperm to enter and reach any eggs that may have been released. The hormones may also affect the lining of the uterus so that even if the egg is fertilized the egg will have difficulty attaching to the wall of the uterus. No birth control is 100% effective. The birth control patch is 93% effective in preventing pregnancy. However, for those weighing over 198 pounds, it may be less effective. Birth control patches do not protect from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Only condoms and dental dams work to protect from STIs. Using it Effectively The most effective time to start the patch is up to five days after the start of a period. It is recommended to use other forms of contraception for the first seven days of using the patch. One new patch should be applied anywhere on the skin except the breasts, genitals, palms of hands, or soles of feet. The most common places to apply the patch are the buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or upper torso. Lotions, makeup, and other skin products can prevent the patch from sticking well and should be avoided. A new patch should be applied once a week for three weeks in a row, ensuring the patch is applied on the same day of the week. The patch should be removed at the end of the third week in order to have a period. The patch should be reapplied if it loosens or falls off for less than a day. If the patch was off for more than one day, a new patch should be applied and that day should be considered as the new start of the week. Those who are interested in learning more about the possible health benefits and risks of different types of birth control, including the patch, should talk to a doctor or other health professional. References Reproductive Health Access Project. (February 2021). Fact Sheet: The Patch. https://www.reproductiveaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/factsheet_patch.pdf Teens Health from The Nemours Foundation. (2017). Birth Control Patch. https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-patch.html

What are Gender Norms? Common Examples How They're Harmful Combating Gender Norms A gender norm, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person's biological or perceived sex. These expectations rely on assumptions of someone’s perceived identity and are often built on centuries of discrimination. Examples of Common Gender Norms It is important to note that many of these common gender norms are particular to Western culture and are not universal. When someone judges that you are masculine, a male, or “the man in the relationship,” they may say or assume that: You are the “breadwinner” or moneymaker of a relationship You only wear “masculine” clothing (shorts, pants, etc.) You are strong-willed You are expected to be dominant in your relationship You are expected not to express emotions When someone judges that you are feminine, a female, or “the girl in the relationship,” they may say or assume that: You stay at home cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the kids You are submissive and fully obedient to your spouse You are promiscuous or deserving of mistreatment if you let someone advance on you too quickly You only wear “feminine” clothing (dresses, skirts, etc.) You are weak and unable to stand up for yourself How They're Harmful All of these prejudiced assumptions create countless problems worldwide. In many countries, women who even try to express their right to vote are threatened. Under Shi’a Family Law, women are required to ask for permission to leave the home unless it is an emergency. In western Kenya, pregnant women are prohibited by cultural norms to be seen in public. If they do so they are often shunned and attacked. ​ In many places in the world, men are deemed greater and stronger than women. To this day, only men can hold The Chrysanthemum Throne in Japan. A majority of peerages can only be held or inherited by men in the United Kingdom. In many countries, such as the United States and South Korea, men are required to serve in the military or sign up for the draft, while women do not. ​ The viewpoint that men are emotionally stronger or distant also inhibits men from expressing emotion for fear of seeming "weak." According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, men are 3.56 times more likely to commit suicide than women, which could be explained by the societal pressures preventing men from talking about their feelings. ​ Combating Gender Norms We often forget that each person is raised differently. ​ Everyone is exposed to a unique range of beliefs. This may be a combination of religious ideologies, taught prejudices, and cultural opinions. In many instances, these beliefs include assumptions or expectations for what it means to be a man or a woman. You cannot blame an individual for a prejudice they grew up with. However, you can take the chance to educate a prejudiced person so they can try to understand the topic. It is important to keep in mind that our experiences and relationships to gender are each unique. A good place to start is within. Take note of the unchecked expectations you might have surrounding sex or gender. Tying these identities to assumptions and attributes only perpetuates the problem. References Levesque R.J.R. (2011) Sex Roles and Gender Roles. In: Levesque R.J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_602 Aspinall, G. (2021, March 8). Here Are The Countries Where It’s Still Really Difficult For Women To Vote. Grazia. https://graziadaily.co.uk/life/real-life/countries-where-women-can-t-vote/

What is Herpes? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive What is Herpes? Herpes is a virus that causes contagious sores, most often around the mouth or on the genitals. It is very common. ​ When we say common, we mean REALLY common. There are about 572,000 cases of genital herpes every year in America. Genital herpes is so common in the US that more than 1 out 6 people are diagnosed with it between the ages of 14-49. ​ Herpes does not have a cure. While herpes isn’t curable, your healthcare provider can give you medication to help shorten or even prevent outbreaks. One of these medications can even help you decrease the chances of spreading it to your partner. How It's Spread Genital Herpes Genital herpes can be spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Unlike many common STIs, herpes can also be spread through the mouth and saliva. Luckily, herpes cannot survive on other surfaces, so you cannot contract herpes from touching an object that an infected individual has come in contact with. ​ Oral Herpes Oral herpes is generally contracted during childhood or early adulthood from non-sexual contact with infected saliva. In rare cases, you can be born with herpes if your mother is infected. Symptoms Part of the reason herpes is so common is that there usually are no symptoms. ​ Genital Herpes Those with genital herpes often experience very mild symptoms, if any at all. Sometimes you may not even notice these symptoms or mistake them for a skin condition. Since this happens frequently, a majority of people who have herpes don’t know. ​ However, if you do have symptoms, these will include herpes sores around, or on, the mouth, rectum, or genitals. They can show up as a singular blister or multiple. When they break, they are extremely painful and leave sores. These can take up to a week or longer to heal. When experiencing your first outbreak, you can also have flu-like symptoms. For example, you may experience a fever, body aches, or swollen glands. People who experience an initial outbreak can probably expect to have more than one, especially when infected with HSV-2 (genital herpes). The repeat outbreaks are usually a lot shorter and less severe than the first one and sometimes might not show up as often, either. ​ Oral Herpes Oral herpes also tends to have very mild symptoms and is often mistaken for something else (chapped lips, bug bites, or just a small crack in the skin) or not even noticed at all. The symptoms include sores in and on the mouth, the back of the throat, and the lymph nodes in the neck. Many people will experience prodromes, which are essentially warning symptoms prior to an outbreak. A prodrome is an itching, tingling, or painful sensation in the area the sores will appear. These prodromes appear a day or two before an outbreak. You should avoid close contact during this time and during the outbreak to prevent it from spreading. ​ When and if you accidentally touch the fluid or sores, wash your hands immediately and thoroughly. ​ If you touch your sores or the fluids from the sores, you can transfer herpes to other parts of your body. You can even spread it to your eyes. Getting Tested Testing for herpes is a little different from other viral STIs. ​ Sometimes your healthcare provider will simply examine your symptoms and diagnose you with herpes. They also can take samples from the sore(s) and test them. However, in certain cases, you’ll undergo a blood test to look for herpes antibodies. A herpes blood test cannot tell you who you were infected by or how long ago you were infected. ​ It's important to get tested regularly. If you're sexually active, this means at least once per year. Even if you or your partner don't show symptoms, you should follow this general rule of thumb. ​ Click here to find a local testing center. Testing Positive So, your results came back positive. ​ The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. Like we said earlier, this is a very, very common infection. ​ If you or your partner have herpes, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Test results may not detect the infection until well after contracting it, and herpes can be spread through non-sexual contact. ​ How do I get rid of it? Unfortunately, herpes cannot be cured. However, you can be given anti-herpes medication to help suppress outbreaks. Some of these anti-herpes medications can even keep you from spreading to your sexual partner(s). ​ If you are in a relationship with someone who has herpes, you can prevent yourself from getting it by making sure that they are taking their anti-herpes medication every day. You also need to avoid having any sexual contact with them while they are enduring an outbreak. ​ For real, getting frisky can wait. Willingly risking your or your partner's sexual health isn't sexy. Peace of mind is sexy. References John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Herpes: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/herpes-hsv1-and-hsv2 American Sexual Health Association. (n.d.). Oral Herpes. American Sexual Health Association. https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/oral-herpes/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, August 28). STD Facts - Genital Herpes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes.htm

What is Chlamydia? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive What is Chlamydia? Chlamydia is an easily curable bacterial infection. It is one of the most common STIs. ​ When we say common, we mean REALLY common. ' Around 1.8 MILLION cases of Chlamydia were reported to the CDC in 2019 (mostly between 14 and 24 years old), making it the most commonly reported STI in the US. However, it’s estimated that closer to 3 million people actually contract chlamydia every year in America. ​ Chlamydia is easily treatable. Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. The sooner you find out you have it, the easier it is to cure. How It's Spread Chlamydia can be spread even if no one ejaculates. ​ Chlamydia is carried in semen, pre-cum, and vaginal fluids. It can infect the penis, vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, eyes, and throat. ​ Generally, this happens through vaginal sex or anal sex. In rare cases, chlamydia can be spread through oral sex, too. Symptoms Part of the reason chlamydia is so common is that there usually are no symptoms. ​ However, some signs can show up: unusual vaginal discharge watery discharge from the penis bleeding outside of periods pain or burning while peeing swollen or tender testicles ​ Chlamydia can also infect your eyes. If this happens, you may notice irritation, redness, or discharge. Getting Tested Testing for chlamydia is generally simple and painless. Often, this just means peeing in a cup. In the case of other infected areas, your doctor may take samples from your throat, vagina, cervix, urethra, or anus with a cotton swab to test for bacteria. Because symptoms for chlamydia and gonorrhea are similar, you'll often be tested for both at the same time. ​ It's important to get tested regularly. If you're sexually active, this means at least once per year. Even if you or your partner don't show symptoms, you should follow this general rule of thumb. ​ Seriously. ​ If left untreated for too long, chlamydia can cause infertility and increase your risk of getting HIV. If you're pregnant, you could also pass it to your baby or have a premature delivery. So, do you and your partner a HUGE favor and put your minds at ease. ​ Click here to find a local testing center. Tested Positive So, your results came back positive. ​ The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. Like we said earlier, this is a very, very common infection. ​ If you or your partner have chlamydia, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Test results may not detect the infection until well after contracting it. ​ How do I get rid of it? ​ Luckily, chlamydia is easily treatable with antibiotics. There are different forms of antibiotics that are used to treat chlamydia, so make sure to follow the instructions from your doctor. ​ Often, your doctor may give you medicine for both you and your partner(s). It is important that BOTH of you finish your treatment and don't have sex for at least 7 days. ​ For real, getting frisky can wait. If you don't take your antibiotics all the way through, you run the risk of re-infecting your partner or other people. Willingly risking your or your partner's sexual health isn't sexy. Peace of mind is sexy. Always make sure to listen to your doctor to effectively get rid of chlamydia. References What is Chlamydia?: Causes of Chlamydia Infection. Planned Parenthood. (n.d.). https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/chlamydia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2019. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2019/overview.htm#Chlamydia.

What is Gonorrhea? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive What is Gonorrhea? Gonorrhea, sometimes called "the clap" or "the drip," is an easily curable bacterial infection. It is one of the most common STIs. ​ When we say common, we mean REALLY common. About 1.6 MILLION people contract gonorrhea every year in America (mostly between 15 and 24 years old), making it one of the most commonly reported STIs in the US. ​ Gonorrhea is easily treatable. Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics. The sooner you find out you have it, the easier it is to cure. How It's Spread Gonorrhea can be spread even if no one ejaculates. ​ Gonorrhea is carried in semen, pre-cum, and vaginal fluids. It can infect the penis, vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, and throat. ​ Generally, this happens through vaginal sex or anal sex. In rare cases, gonorrhea can be spread through oral sex, too. Symptoms Part of the reason gonorrhea is so common is that there usually are no symptoms. ​ However, some signs can show up: unusual vaginal discharge yellow, white, or green discharge from the penis bleeding outside of periods pain or burning while peeing swollen or tender testicles ​ Symptoms are more likely to show up in people with penises, and they usually are present within a week. Getting Tested Testing for gonorrhea is generally simple and painless. Often, this just means peeing in a cup. In the case of other infected areas, your doctor may take samples from your throat, vagina, cervix, urethra, or anus with a cotton swab to test for bacteria. Because symptoms for chlamydia and gonorrhea are similar, you'll often be tested for both at the same time. ​ It's important to get tested regularly. If you're sexually active, this means at least once per year. Even if you or your partner don't show symptoms, you should follow this general rule of thumb. ​ Seriously. ​ If left untreated for too long, gonorrhea can cause infertility and increase your risk of getting HIV. If you're pregnant, you could also pass it to your baby or have a premature delivery. So, do you and your partner a HUGE favor and put your minds at ease. ​ Click here to find a local testing center. Testing Positive So, your results came back positive. ​ The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. Like we said earlier, this is a very, very common infection. ​ If you or your partner have gonorrhea, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Test results may not detect the infection until well after contracting it. ​ How do I get rid of it? ​ Luckily, gonorrhea is easily treatable with antibiotics. There are different forms of antibiotics that are used to treat gonorrhea, so make sure to follow the instructions from your doctor. Sometimes it’s just a pill. However, some strains of gonorrhea are resistant to antibiotics, so you may receive a shot in addition to oral antibiotics. ​ Often, your doctor may give you medicine for both you and your partner(s). It is important that BOTH of you finish your treatment and don't have sex for at least 7 days. ​ For real, getting frisky can wait. If you don't take your antibiotics all the way through, you run the risk of re-infecting your partner or other people. Willingly risking your or your partner's sexual health isn't sexy. Peace of mind is sexy. Always make sure to listen to your doctor to effectively get rid of gonorrhea. References What is Chlamydia?: Causes of Chlamydia Infection. Planned Parenthood. (n.d.). https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/chlamydia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 22). Detailed STD Facts - Gonorrhea. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea-detailed.htm. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2019. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2019/overview.htm#Gonorrhea

What are HIV and AIDS? How It's Spread Getting Tested Testing Positive Prevention What are HIV and AIDS? HIV and AIDS are NOT the same thing. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a sexually transmitted infection that attacks and weakens your immune system. AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is a disease caused by HIV that makes it extremely hard for your body to fight off infections. ​ HIV has no cure. Once someone gets HIV, they've got it for good. However, there are treatments that can reduce your viral load to the point where you cannot give it to someone else. ​ 1.2 MILLION Americans have HIV. There are about 34,800 new cases reported every year. While HIV disproportionately affects gay and bisexual men, anyone can get HIV, regardless of age, sex, race, or sexual orientation. How It's Spread HIV is carried in semen, blood, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. You can get it by having vaginal or anal sex or by sharing needles or syringes. HIV isn't spread through saliva, and you can't get it just by kissing or touching someone who is HIV-positive. If you think you've been exposed to HIV, you can take PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, within 72 hours to lower your chances of contracting it. Getting Tested Testing for HIV is generally simple and painless. ​ HIV testing usually involves either a cheek swab or drawing blood. When you contract HIV, your body produces antibodies to fight against the virus. An antibody test, which is the most common, looks for these antibodies in the blood. ​ Generally, it can take 18 to 90 days for your body to make these antibodies. This means that for this period, your test results can come back negative, even if you have HIV. This is known as the window period. ​ NATs (Nucleic Acid Tests) only have a 10 to 33 day window period and involve drawing blood from a vein to look for the virus itself. However, these tests are extremely expensive and only used in high-risk situations. ​ Some tests, called rapid HIV tests, can give you results in 30 minutes or less. Almost all rapid HIV tests are antibody tests. These generally involve either a cheek swab or drawing blood through a finger prick. You can also get an at-home rapid HIV test called OraQuick, which can be purchased at your local pharmacy or online. Others can take several days or weeks if samples need to be sent to a lab. ​ It's important to get tested regularly. If you're sexually active or share needles for drug use, piercings, or tattoos, get tested. It can take up to 10 years to develop AIDS, so most people who have HIV don't know it until they get tested. ​ Seriously. ​ AIDS is a BIG problem, especially among LGBTQ+ folk. So, do you and your partner a HUGE favor and put your minds at ease. ​ Click here to find a local testing center. Testing Positive So, your results came back positive. ​ The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. ​ If you or your partner have HIV, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Like we said, most people who contract HIV don't know they have it until years later. ​ How do I get rid of it? ​ If you think you've been exposed to HIV, you can take PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, within 72 hours to lower your chances of contracting it. Unfortunately, HIV can't be cured. However, your doctor can prescribe antiretroviral medications that can lower the amount of the virus in your body and slow the damage it does to your immune system. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can lower your viral load to a point where it doesn't show up on standard tests. At this point, it is considered "undetectable," meaning that you can't spread HIV to sexual partners. ​ "Undetectable" doesn't mean cured. Even if your viral load becomes undetectable, it can still return to detectable levels if you stop treatment, meaning you can spread it to your partner(s) again. It is important to maintain treatment if you contract HIV. Prevention Wear protection. ​ The easiest way to prevent the spread of HIV is by wearing protection. Barrier methods like condoms and dental dams are 90-95% effective in protecting you from HIV. ​ Consider taking PrEP. PrEP, or pre-exposure prophylaxis, is a daily pill that can prevent HIV. It's especially useful for MSM (men who have sex with men) since they make up the biggest group of HIV cases in the United States. If you think you've been exposed to HIV, you can take PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, within 72 hours to lower your chances of contracting it. ​ Use clean needles. Don't share needles when shooting drugs or getting tattoos or piercings. References HIV.gov (2021, June 2). U.S. Statistics. HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics. HIV.gov. (2021, April 8). What are HIV and AIDS? HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids. HIV.gov. (2021, April 8). HIV Testing Overview. HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, May 13). Types of HIV Tests. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/test-types.html. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, May 20). Treatment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/treatment.html. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, May 20). Opportunistic Infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 16). HIV Self-Testing. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/hiv-self-tests.html.

What is Syphilis? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive What is Syphilis? Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is contracted mainly through sexual intercourse. ​ While syphilis was considered rare in the early 2000s, cases have been quickly increasing in recent years. Almost 130,000 US cases of syphilis were reported in 2019. The highest rates are among men who have sex with men. ​ Syphilis is treatable. Syphilis is treatable with the right antibiotics from your healthcare provider. How It's Spread Syphilis can be spread when there is direct contact with a syphilis sore. This can happen during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. You can find these sores on or around the penis, vagina, anus, in the rectum, on the lips, or in the mouth. ​ It can spread from an infected mother to her unborn baby as well. Symptoms There are four stages to Syphilis: Primary, Secondary, Latent, and Tertiary Syphilis. ​ Primary Syphilis Generally, there is a sore or multiple sores at the original site of the infection. These sores are most commonly found on or around the genitals, anus, rectum, and mouth. They are also usually, but not always, firm, round, and painless. ​ Secondary Syphilis This can include a skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, and fevers. The signs of primary and secondary syphilis can be mild and might not be noticed. ​ Latent Stage This stage has no signs or even symptoms. It's also called the hidden stage. It can last for years, and you can still transmit syphilis during this period. ​ Tertiary Syphilis This is associated with severe medical problems. A doctor can usually diagnose tertiary syphilis with the help of multiple tests. It can affect the heart, brain, and other organs of the body. Getting Tested Testing for syphilis is a little different from other bacterial STIs. ​ To test for syphilis, your doctor will take a small blood sample rather than a urine sample. ​ It's important to get tested regularly. If you're sexually active, this means at least once per year. Even if you or your partner don't show symptoms, you should follow this general rule of thumb. ​ Seriously. ​ If left untreated for too long, syphilis can attack your heart, brain, eyes, and other organs. It could also not show up for years and could even possibly kill you. If you're pregnant, you could also pass it to your baby. So, do you and your partner a HUGE favor and put your minds at ease. ​ Click here to find a local testing center. Testing Positive So, your results came back positive. ​ The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. ​ If you or your partner have syphilis, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Test results may not detect the infection until well after contracting it. ​ How do I get rid of it? ​ Syphilis is easily treatable with the correct antibiotics from your healthcare provider when diagnosed in its early stages. The preferred treatment at all stages is penicillin. However, if you’re allergic to penicillin, your doctor may suggest a different antibiotic or can recommend penicillin desensitization. Even if you seek treatment, it does NOT mean it will undo any harm or damage already done by this infection. ​ In order to see if the treatment is working, you may have to take periodic blood tests. It is suggested that you get tested for HIV as well. This is because you have a higher chance of contracting HIV if you test positive for syphilis. If you have both HIV and syphilis, you can spread both of them more easily. ​ Often, your doctor may give you medicine for both you and your partner(s). It is important that BOTH of you finish your treatment and don't have any sexual contact until your sores are healed. ​ For real, getting frisky can wait. If you don't take your antibiotics all the way through, you run the risk of re-infecting your partner or other people. Willingly risking your or your partner's sexual health isn't sexy. Peace of mind is sexy. Always make sure to listen to your doctor to effectively get rid of syphilis. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 29). National Overview - Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2019/default.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, June 8). STD Facts - Syphilis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, April 5). Syphilis statistics - STD information from CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stats.htm Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, September 25). Syphilis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351762

What is Trichomaniasis? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive What is Trichomoniasis? Trichomoniasis, or Trich, is an STI caused by the parasite Trichomoniasis Vaginalis. It is one of the most common curable STIs. ​ When we say common, we mean REALLY common. There are about 3.7 million cases of trichomoniasis in America, although only 30% will develop symptoms. It mostly affects older women. ​ Trichomoniasis is treatable. Trichomoniasis is treatable with medication from your healthcare provider. How It's Spread Trichomoniasis is spread by having oral, anal, or vaginal sex with someone who is infected. During sexual intercourse, the parasite travels from the penis to the vagina, the vagina to the penis, and even vagina to vagina. It’s extremely rare for it to spread to anywhere on the body other than the genitalia. Trichomoniasis can be spread regardless of whether or not the infected person shows symptoms. Symptoms Only 30% of people infected with trichomoniasis actually show symptoms. They can range from mild irritation to severe inflammation in the pubic area. Some people show symptoms between 5 and 28 days after being exposed to it, while others may not get them until much later. People with penises may experience: Itching or irritation inside the penis Burning after ejaculation or urinating Discharge from the penis. People with vaginas may experience: Itching, burning, redness, and/or soreness of the genitals Discomfort during urination Thinner discharge and/or increase in the volume of discharge Discharge with an unusual and unpleasant fishy smell. People who are pregnant may also have problems such as underweight babies or premature birth. Getting Tested Testing for Trichomoniasis is generally relatively simple. ​ Your healthcare provider will take a sample of vaginal fluid for women and a urine sample for men and examine it under a microscope. If no parasite can be seen, you will undergo a rapid antigen test and nucleic acid amplification. ​ Click here to find a local testing center. Testing Positive So, your results came back positive. ​ The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. Like we said earlier, this is a very common infection. ​ If you or your partner have trichomoniasis, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Test results may not detect the infection until well after contracting it. ​ How do I get rid of it? ​ If you have trichomoniasis, you'll need to swallow one large dosage of either metronidazole or tinidazole. Sometimes, your healthcare provider may tell you to take two lower dosages per day for a week. ​ Do not drink alcohol for 24 hours after taking metronidazole and 72 hours after taking tinidazole. If you do, you may experience severe nausea and vomiting. ​ Often, your doctor may give you medicine for both you and your partner(s). It is important that BOTH of you finish your treatment and don't have sex for at least 7 days. ​ For real, getting frisky can wait. If you don't take your medication all the way through, you run the risk of re-infecting your partner or other people. Willingly risking your or your partner's sexual health isn't sexy. Peace of mind is sexy. Always make sure to listen to your doctor to effectively get rid of trichomoniasis. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 22). Trichomoniasis - STD information from CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/default.htm Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2020, April 18). Trichomoniasis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trichomoniasis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378613

What is Public Lice? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive What is Pubic Lice? Public lice are parasitic insects found primarily in the pubic or genital area of humans. They occur in all ethnic groups, races, and levels in society. They have three forms: the egg, aka a nit, the nymph, and the adult. ​ Nits Nits are lice eggs. They can be hard to see and are found firmly attached to the hair shaft. They are oval and usually yellow to white. Pubic lice nits take about 6–10 days to hatch. ​ Nymph The nymph is an immature louse that hatches from the nit. It looks like an adult pubic lice but it is smaller. They take about 2–3 weeks after hatching to mature into adults capable of reproducing. Nymphs feed on blood to live. ​ Adult The adult pubic louse resembles a miniature crab when viewed through a strong magnifying glass. They have six legs. Their two front legs are very large and look like the pincher claws of a crab. This is a reason why they’ve gained the name “crabs.” Adults are tan to greyish-white in color, rather than the yellow from birth. Females are usually larger than males. To live, lice must feed on blood. If they lose contact with the human, they die within 1 - 2 days. How It's Spread Pubic lice are spread through sexual contact and are mostly transferred between two adults. If a child has pubic lice, they often have experienced some sort of sexual abuse or exposure. Occasionally, it can be spread by close contact or clothing, bed linens, and towels that came in contact with an infected person. Pubic lice are not spread by toilet seats. Only on extremely rare occasions can this ever happen. Their feet are not designed to hold on or walk on smooth surfaces like that and will likely die before there’s even a chance. Symptoms Symptoms that you may have pubic lice are itching in the genital area or seeing visible nits and crawling lice. These can be seen in pubic hair or other coarse hair, like armpits, beards, eyebrows, eyelashes, and mustaches. Lice found in hair are not the same thing as pubic lice. ​ Animals cannot and will not spread pubic lice. ​ You can also have eye irritations, which are most commonly seen in children and can lead to pink eye. This means that there are pubic lice on the eyelashes. Discolored skin may also occur, which can develop where pubic lice have been feeding on regularly. Secondary infections are also a symptom of public lice. You may scratch yourself raw and these wounds can be infected in the process. Getting Tested Testing for pubic lice is pretty easy. ​ All you have to do is have a visual examination of your pubic area and your doctor can tell relatively quickly. Lice eggs are also an indication of an infestation. They can cling to hairs and be present, but not alive, even after you’ve undergone successful treatment. ​ Most times you don’t even need to go to get a diagnosis or get a prescription. You can just go to a drugstore or a doctor (your preference) and get an over-the-counter pubic lice treatment. If you have pubic lice, you should also get tested for other sexually transmitted diseases. Click here to find a local testing center. Testing Positive The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. Three million people in America are diagnosed yearly. ​ There are many different types of treatments that are available. They are easy to use and come in gels, shampoos, liquids, and foam. Follow the directions in the package carefully. ​ If you have pubic lice in your eyelashes or eyebrows, you may need to get an ophthalmic-grade petrolatum ointment that only your doctor can provide. If you’re breastfeeding or pregnant, you must consult your doctor before using any treatment. ​ Anyone you’ve gotten intimate with should also treat themselves at the same time so that it isn’t passed back and forth. Always use freshly cleaned towels, clothes, and bedding after your treatment. It is important that BOTH of you finish your treatment and don't have sex until you're sure all of the nits, nymphs, and adults are gone. You may need to repeat treatment 9-10 days later. For real, getting frisky can wait. Willingly risking your or your partner's sexual health isn't sexy. Peace of mind is sexy. Always make sure to listen to your doctor to effectively get rid of pubic lice.

What is HPV? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive Prevention What is HPV? HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a common infection that causes warts on various parts of the body, depending on the strain. It is a different virus from HSV (herpes) and HIV. ​ When we say common, we mean REALLY common. About 14 million Americans are diagnosed with HPV each year, while 79 million Americans already have HPV. Most new HPV cases are in their late teens and early 20s. It is so common that virtually everyone who doesn’t get the HPV vaccination will contract some form of HPV at some point in their life if they are sexually active. ​ HPV does not have a cure. Unfortunately, HPV does not have a cure, but it normally goes away on its own. There are treatments to help with the health problems HPV brings with it. How It's Spread HPV is spread through oral, vaginal, and anal sex with someone who has the virus. However, it's most commonly spread through anal and vaginal sex. It can still be spread even if the carrier has no signs or symptoms of HPV. ​ It can take years for symptoms to show up after you’ve had intercourse with a carrier, which can make it hard for people to know who they’ve contracted it from. Anyone who is sexually active can contract HPV, even if they’ve only been with one person. Symptoms High-risk HPV High-risk HPV does not have symptoms, and by the time most people know, they'll likely have already gotten some sort of serious health condition or cancer. High-risk HPV can cause normal cells to be abnormal and cause various cancers. It mostly attacks normal cells in the cervix, vagina, penis, vulva, anus, mouth, and throat. Luckily, it usually takes years for cancer to form, and possible cervical cancer can be picked up in tests before it becomes untreatable. ​ Low-risk HPV Low-risk HPV causes genital warts. Unfortunately, you cannot treat them yourself, and they can be tricky to spot. They can often be mistaken for any bumpy skin issue. They are also known to sometimes cause discomfort and irritation where they form, which can be on or in the genitalia, mouth, and anus. Fortunately, they aren’t dangerous and can’t cause cancer, and they can be treated and removed like regular warts you might get on your feet and hands. Getting Tested There is no universal test to find out if you have HPV. ​ Because HPV normally goes away on its own, most people with HPV don’t know and don’t experience health problems or symptoms. However, some people may discover they have HPV by contracting genital warts or developing certain cancers. ​ There is a test for high-risk HPV in the cervix, but not for other genital areas or the throat. While there are HPV test screenings for cervical cancer, they are only for women aged 25 years or older. They are not recommended for men, adolescents, or women under 25. Women may also find out they have HPV when they receive an abnormal pap smear, which can detect abnormal cell changes on your cervix. Thinking about getting tested? Find a free or low-cost testing place near you. Testing Positive The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. Like we said earlier, this is a very common infection. ​ If you or your partner have HPV, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Many people go years before finding out they have HPV. ​ How do I get rid of it? Unfortunately, you cannot be treated for the virus itself, but there are treatments for the health problems that it can cause. ​ Genital warts can be treated by your healthcare provider or with prescription medicine. If they are left untreated, they can go away with time but can also persist or even grow in size or number. ​ Cervical pre-cancer can also be treated. Women who get regular Pap tests and follow up as needed can identify problems before they can develop cancer. Other HPV-related cancers, like oral cancer, are also more treatable when diagnosed and treated early before it has the chance to get worse. Prevention Get vaccinated. ​ You can prevent HPV by getting the HPV vaccine. It is safe and effective, and it can also protect against diseases, such as some cancers, that are caused by HPV. It is recommended to get this vaccine at ages 11 or 12, but all people ages 9 to 45 can get it if they haven't been vaccinated already. ​ Wear protection. If you are sexually active, use condoms every time you have sex. It can lower your chances of getting HPV, but not entirely. You can still contract HPV from areas that are not covered by a condom.​ References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, January 19). STD Facts - Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm What are the symptoms & signs of HPV? Planned Parenthood. (n.d.). https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hpv/what-are-symptoms-hpv

What is Hep B? How It's Spread Symptoms Getting Tested Testing Positive Prevention What is Hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is a very common virus. It is a different virus from HSV (herpes), HPV, and HIV. ​ When we say common, we mean REALLY common. More than 200,000 people are diagnosed each year. Any age can be affected, although infections are rare outside of those 19-60 years old. ​ Hepatitis B is not treatable. Unfortunately, Hepatitis B has no cure, but it can go away on its own. How It's Spread Hepatitis B is spread by infected blood or contact with infected blood or bodily fluids (semen and saliva). It can be spread by having sexual intercourse with an infected partner or injection drug use that involves syringes, needles, or drug preparation equipment. Contact with blood from the sores of an infected person or birth, if a mother is infected, can also transmit HBV. Sharing certain items with an infected person that can break skin or mucous membranes, like razors and toothbrushes, can result in possible exposure to blood and lead to infection. HBV can last a week outside of the body and still be infectious to anyone who uses it. If you think something may be infected with HBV blood, it should be disinfected with a 1:10 dilution of one part bleach and ten parts water. It is strongly recommended to wear gloves during this process, or you may be infected. Dry blood or not, it is still contaminated and can still infect you. Symptoms Not all people with HBV have symptoms. The signs vary depending on the age of the infected. Most children above the age of 5 and newly infected adults who are immunosuppressed generally don’t have any symptoms. 30%-50% of children under the age of 5 have symptoms. These symptoms are fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, urine pain, clay-colored feces, joint pain, and jaundice. Some people may also contract chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). You will experience symptoms in a range of 60-150 days after exposure to HBV. Getting Tested When testing for HBV, you will undergo three different serological tests: a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test, a hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) test, and a total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). These tests can determine if a patient has an acute or chronic HBV infection and needs post-test counseling and linkage to care if they’re immune to HBV as a result of prior infection or vaccination. or if they are susceptible to infection and in need of vaccination. ​ It's important to get tested regularly. If you're sexually active, this means at least once per year. Even if you or your partner don't show symptoms, you should follow this general rule of thumb. ​ Seriously. ​ If hepatitis B goes untreated, you are more susceptible to developing severe scarring of the liver, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. ​ Click here to find a local testing center Testing Positive So, your results came back positive. The first thing to remember is that this is nothing to be ashamed of. If you or your partner have hepatitis B, it does not necessarily mean anyone cheated. Test results may not detect chronic hepatitis B until well after contracting it. It can take from years to even decades in many cases to show up. ​ How do I get rid of it? Sadly, there is no cure for hepatitis B, but sometimes it will go away on its own. Your doctor can prescribe you medications to help you with long-lasting hepatitis B infections. It can disappear on its own after 4-8 weeks, and 9 in 10 adults completely recover. However, 1 in 20 adults who recover become carriers, which means they have a chronic hepatitis b infection (liver cancer and cirrhosis). About 1 in 5 people die from chronic hepatitis B. Prevention Get vaccinated. ​ You can prevent HBV by getting a vaccine. All infants, unvaccinated children under the age of 19, people at risk for infection by sexual exposure, and people at risk for infection by percutaneous or mucosal exposure to blood should be tested. International travelers to countries with high or intermediate levels of hepatitis B virus infection, people with the hepatitis C virus infection, people with chronic liver disease, people with HIV, and people who are incarcerated should also be tested. ​ Wear protection. If you are sexually active, use latex condoms every time you have sex. It can lower your chances of getting hepatitis B, but not entirely. You can still contract hepatitis B from areas that are not covered by a condom or by coming into contact with infected blood or other fluids. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, July 28). Hepatitis B questions and answers for Health Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/hbvfaq.htm#treatment Planned Parenthood (n.d.). Where can I get treated for hepatitis B?: Treatment info. Planned Parenthood. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hepatitis-b/how-do-i-get-treated-hepatitis-b Hepatitis B Symptoms and Diagnosis. UC Health - UC San Diego. (n.d.). https://health.ucsd.edu/specialties/gastro/areas-expertise/liver-center/hepatitis-b/Pages/about-hepatitis-b.aspx