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What is DoxyPEP? How Does DoxyPEP Work? Who Can Benefit From DoxyPEP? Considerations and Risks Get Tested Today DoxyPEP is a little pill you can take to prevent exposure to STIs . If you're looking for information on PEP and/or PrEP, which prevent exposure to HIV, check out our other article . What is DoxyPEP? Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) is an emerging strategy to prevent certain bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It involves taking the antibiotic doxycycline after unprotected sex to reduce the risk of acquiring STIs like syphilis and chlamydia. How Does DoxyPEP Work? DoxyPEP entails taking a 200 mg dose of doxycycline as soon as possible, ideally within 24 hours — but no later than 72 hours — after unprotected sex. Doing so aims to prevent the establishment of bacterial infections following exposure. Who Benefits From DoxyPEP? Research has shown that DoxyPEP is most effective in reducing the risk of syphilis and chlamydia among gay and bisexual men and transgender women. Considerations and Risks While DoxyPEP shows promise, it’s essential to consider potential risks: Antibiotic Resistance: Overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance, making infections harder to treat. Side Effects: Doxycycline can cause side effects like nausea, sensitivity to sunlight, and digestive issues. Consult Your Healthcare Provider Before starting DoxyPEP, discuss it with a healthcare professional to determine if it’s suitable for you. They can provide guidance based on your health history and potential risks. Stayed Informed As research evolves, guidelines may change. Stay updated on the latest recommendations from trusted health sources. DoxyPEP represents a proactive approach to STI prevention, offering an additional layer of protection for those at higher risk. However, it is crucial to use this strategy responsibly and in consultation with healthcare providers. Get Tested Today HIV testing is fast and easy. The Affordable Care Act ensures HIV screening is covered by health insurance without a copay, and some sites offer free testing without insurance. Check out the STI Clinic Search to find out where you can be tested in South Florida. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Doxy PEP for Bacterial STI Prevention. Retrieved from   https://www.cdc.gov/sti/hcp/doxy-pep/index.html NAM aidsmap. (2024). DoxyPEP: Using antibiotics to prevent STIs. Retrieved from   https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/doxypep-using-antibiotics-prevent-stis

What is an STI? STI vs STD Getting Tested Prevention What is an STI? STIs (sexually transmitted infections) are pathogens transmitted primarily through sexual contact. While it varies depending on the specific STI, this can include anal, vaginal, or oral sex. STI vs STD You may notice that PRISM uses the term STI instead of the more commonly used term, STD. This isn’t just our preference: there are important reasons for this. STI stands for sexually transmitted infection, while STD stands for sexually transmitted disease. One of the main differences between infections and diseases is that an infection is an actual pathogen (like a virus or bacteria) entering your body, whereas a disease disrupts your body’s normal functions (i.e., symptoms). All STDs start as STIs. If and when an infected person develops symptoms, it is considered an STD. For instance, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is an STI. When left untreated, you can develop AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), which is characterized by an extremely suppressed immune system. Not all STIs show symptoms. STIs that do show symptoms may take months or even years to do so. For example, part of why chlamydia is the most common STI in the United States is that it often doesn’t show symptoms. The word “disease” is also stigmatizing. PRISM is very deliberate about how we discuss STIs: they are preventable, easily treatable, and nothing to be ashamed of. Contrary to popular belief, fear does not aid in prevention; it just makes it harder for us to talk about safe sex. Getting Tested One of the most important parts of maintaining your sexual health is getting tested regularly. If you've had unprotected sex (sex without using a condom, dental dam, or another barrier method), you could be at risk of contracting an STI. Some STIs don't cause symptoms right away (or at all), and some common symptoms of STDs (bumps around your genitals, vaginal/penile discharge, itching, or pain in your genitals) can have other causes completely unrelated to sexual encounters. Click here to find a local testing center. Prevention The most effective protection against STIs is abstinence. Abstinence is the practice of not having sex. If you don't have sex, you limit your exposure to STIs. However, this isn't the best solution for many people. If you plan on having sex, wear protection. Condoms and dental dams are extremely effective in preventing STIs. If you're in an at-risk group for HIV, such as MSM (men who have sex with men), consider taking PrEP. Find more information about HIV here. References Sabour, J. (2022, February 25). The Difference Between STD and STI. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/std-vs-sti-5214421 . HIV.gov. (2021, April 8). What are HIV and AIDS? HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids . What is Chlamydia?: Causes of Chlamydia Infection . Planned Parenthood. (n.d.). https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/chlamydia . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2019 . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2019/overview.htm#Chlamydia . Condoms . Planned Parenthood. (n.d.). https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/condom . Internal Condoms | Female Condoms . Planned Parenthood. (n.d.). https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/internal-condom .

What is Emergency Contraception Types of EC Things to Consider Side Effects Conclusion What Is Emergency Contraception (EC)? Consider emergency contraception (EC) your backup plan after unprotected sex or a birth control slip-up. It works by preventing ovulation or fertilization of your egg, and it’s highly recommended that you take it ASAP for the best results. Just remember, it’s not  the same as an abortion pill— it won’t work if you’re already pregnant.   EC is safe and temporary, but it’s not meant to replace your regular birth control routine. It’s there for emergencies when things don’t go as planned. Let’s look at the different types of EC available. Types Of EC When it comes to emergency contraception, knowing your options can help you make the best decision for your body and situation. There are two primary ways to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex: intrauterine devices (IUDs) or emergency contraception pills.  IUDs , like Kyleena, Paragard, or Mirena, can be inserted up to 5 days after sex and are the most effective method, regardless of body weight. However, keep in mind that IUDs can be quite pricey, and depending on your age, doctors may be apprehensive about inserting them. Alternatively, morning-after pills, such as Plan B  or ella , can be taken, but they work best the sooner you use them. It’s crucial to act quickly and choose the method that fits your needs.  Plan B  is easier to access without a prescription but may be less effective if you weigh more than 165 pounds, while ella  requires a prescription and may be less effective for those over 195 pounds. Things To Consider Whether it’s a condom mishap, missed birth control, or unplanned unprotected sex, emergency contraceptives are here to prevent pregnancy. Just remember that EC is not intended to replace regular birth control! And more importantly, emergency contraception doesn't protect against STIs, so make sure you're covered on that front too!  When it comes to EC, take action as soon as possible, as timing plays a crucial role in effectiveness. Side Effects While side effects (such as headaches, abdominal pain, or tiredness) may occur from taking EC, they are rarely serious and usually do not last long. Your next period may come early or late, and you may have spotting (light bleeding that happens between menstrual periods). Conclusion At the end of the day, it’s all about being prepared and knowing your options. Whether you choose an IUD or a morning-after pill like Plan B or ella, emergency contraception is there to help when things don’t go as planned. As always, stay informed, stay proactive, and always take control of your health—because your body, your rules. Reference Planned Parenthood /   https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/morning-after-pill-emergency-contraception/which-kind-emergency-contraception-should-i-use Women’s Health.gov  /   https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/emergency-contraception

Caution : The content of this post describes violence and homophobia. Who Was Matthew Shepard? Life and Death Legacy Who Was Matthew Shepard? Matthew Shepard was a young, gay American from Wyoming whose tragic death sparked outrage across the country and led to many improvements in hate crime legislation. Life and Death Shepard was a political science major at the University of Wyoming. Often described as being kind and empathetic, Shepard cared deeply about equality, diversity, and respecting others' beliefs. His mother reported that when Shepard was in high school, he was attacked and sexually assaulted during a trip to Morocco. This, she said, began a steady decline in his mental health as he grew increasingly withdrawn and depressed. By the time he was in college, Shepard struggled with drug abuse and suicidal ideation. Shepard's Murder On the night of October 6, 1998, Shepard was approached by Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson at a bar in Laramie. The two offered to give Shepard a ride home, but instead drove him to a remote rural area and proceeded to rob, beat, and torture him, tying him to a fence and leaving him for dead. The next morning, he was found unconscious by a cyclist and taken to the hospital. Shepard died just six days later. Hate Crime Testimonies at the time confirmed that McKinney's actions had been fueled by homophobia; the pair identified Shepard as a target for robbery, pretended to be gay to lure him in, and then McKinney panicked and attacked when Shepard placed a hand on his knee. In contrast, Henderson's lawyer denied that Shepard's sexuality had anything to do with the murder. Legacy Shepard’s tragic passing has led to many improvements in hate crime legislation. Legislation started in the Wyoming House Of Representatives, continued through President Bill Clinton, and was finalized with President Barack Obama on October 28th, 2009, making discrimination towards members of the LGBTQ+ community a hate crime. On October 26, 2018, a little over 20 years after his death, Matthew Shepard’s ashes were interred at the crypt of the Washington National Cathedral, the first interment there since Hellen Keller in 1968. While he is no longer with us, Matthew’s name lives on through the Matthew Shepard Foundation , an LGBTQ+ non-profit organization in Casper, Wyoming, as well as a play called “The Laramie Project." Reference Bindel, Julie  (October 25, 2014). "The truth behind America's most famous gay-hate murder" . The Guardian . Brooke, James (November 21, 1998). "Witnesses Trace Brutal Killing of Gay Student" . The New York Times .

What is Appropriation? Identity Pollution Identity Piracy Forms of Cultural Appropriation Appropriation vs Appreciation Avoiding Cultural Appropriation Conclusion What Is Appropriation? Cultural appropriation is the adoption of desirable aspects from a minority culture by a dominant culture, often rebranding them as a product of popular culture and done in ways that can be exploitative, disrespectful, or stereotypical. This separates the customs from their roots, which often leads to cultural erasure. Rooted in an imbalance of power, appropriation mostly exists as a tool of colonization, whether or not it is intended. Anthropologist Simon Harrison identifies two important threats to any culture: identity pollution and identity piracy. Both can lead to identity erasure, which is the removal of a group’s or individual’s culture. Identity Pollution This is the influx of outside cultures into a space, suppressing the local customs. When we assess maps of European empires over the last several centuries, we see how much colonization has smothered the world. Identity Piracy This is the act of an outside culture depleting another of their privacy and customs by taking them and re-appropriating them. While Simon Harrison describes these threats as asynchronous, considering the areas of the world that have been colonized (identity pollution) and evaluating what peoples seem to experience cultural appropriation in the most harmful ways (identity piracy), we find that these operate more as a two-step attack on indigenous or culturally distinct groups. Because the cultures of the European empires were so heavily enforced via global colonization, the descendants of those conquerors didn’t experience the harm of appropriation. Rather, we even learn to expect to see aspects of European culture worldwide. Forms of Cultural Appropriation Cultural appropriation manifests in diverse ways, often involving ignorance or apathy on the part of appropriators. A common form is when members of a dominant group face no consequences for adopting elements of a minority culture, while members of the minority group may face backlash for the same cultural expressions. An example is the phenomenon known as "blackfishing," where white individuals adopt elements of African American culture without facing the same societal repercussions as their Black counterparts. Kim Kardashian The reality star has faced criticism for appropriating black hairstyles, such as cornrows, while simultaneously receiving praise for popularizing them. This highlights the disparity in how certain cultural elements are perceived based on the cultural background of the appropriator. Katy Perry Perry has been accused of cultural appropriation for various instances, including her geisha performance at the 2013 AMAs and the "This Is How We Do" music video, which featured cornrows and caricatured baby hairs. Her actions reinforce the practice of tapping into Asian and black aesthetics for entertainment purposes without understanding the complexity of these cultures. Other white artists try to lay claim to their cultural exploits. For instance, in 2013, Iggy Azalea once stated that Miley Cyrus copied her by twerking. Not only is this entirely inaccurate and misguided, but Iggy Azalea later tried to announce that twerking, which she appropriated from Black culture and which has existed for several decades in Black spaces, was “dead.” This shows us the expansive harm of cultural appropriation, particularly of the pop culture pipeline. Cultural appropriation not only submits slices of culture for mass uninformed consumption but also attaches these artifacts with an expiration date. So, when the “trendsetters” (appropriators) decide that something is dead, the people to whom that practice is significant are expected to abandon it and are ridiculed in public spaces if they don’t. Appropriation vs Appreciation Appreciation involves seeking to understand and learn about another culture to broaden one's perspective and connect with others cross-culturally. Appropriation, on the other hand, is the act of taking cultural elements without fully understanding or respecting their significance. Where appropriation is largely theft and easy to do unwittingly, appreciation is intensive and involved. Tips for Avoiding Cultural Appropriation Examine Your Own Culture Reflect on the aspects of your own cultural background that are essential to your identity. Consider how you would feel if someone used these elements without understanding their significance. Listen First Understand and appreciate another culture by actively listening to those who are a part of it. Learn about the cultural implications of the elements that interest you. Consider Context Be aware of the meanings attached to cultural symbols and understand when and where it is appropriate to use them. Share Your Own Culture Engage in mutual cultural exchange, sharing aspects of your own language, food, customs, and traditions while learning from others. TED Talk This powerful talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie emphasizes the importance of understanding diverse narratives and avoiding generalizations. Conclusion With the rise of connectivity on social media, we see explicit clashes between members of cultures and those who seek to invalidate them by attempting to rob them of cultural significance. This exposes how useful appropriation is as a tool for colonization and how it is deteriorating space for cultural coexistence. Navigating the complex terrain of cultural appropriation requires awareness, empathy, and a commitment to mutual understanding. By fostering a culture of respect and genuine interest in different cultures, individuals can contribute to a world where cultural exchange is enriching and inclusive rather than exploitative and harmful. References Acquaye, A. (2018, August 23). Madonna’s VMAs 2018 Outfit Is the Latest Example of Cultural Appropriation vs. Appreciation | Teen Vogue. Teen Vogue; Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/cultural-appropriation-appreciation-kim-kardashian Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The danger of a single story | TED. (2009, October 7). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Ihs241zeg Clifton, Derrick. (2014, August 5th) 5 things white people need to learn about cultural appropriation. Daily Dot. https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/5-things-white-people-cultural-appropriation/ Cultural Appreciation vs. Cultural Appropriation:  Why it Matters | Greenheart International. (n.d.). Greenheart International | Connecting People and Planet. Retrieved February 14, 2024, from https://greenheart.org/blog/greenheart-international/cultural-appreciation-vs-cultural-appropriation-why-it-matters/ cultural appropriation. (n.d.). Encyclopædia Britannica; Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2024, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/cultural-appropriation Harrison, S. (1999). Cultural Boundaries. Anthropology Today, 15(5), 10-13. doi:10.2307/2678369 Raypole, Crystal. (2020, September 16th). There’s a Big Difference Between Cultural Appreciation and Appropriation — Here’s Why It Matters. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/cultural-appreciation#appreciation-defined

What is Gender Affirming Care? Gender-affirming care refers to a range of support systems that help transgender and gender-diverse people achieve “lasting personal comfort with their gendered selves." Gender-affirming care is highly individualized, based on the unique needs of each person. It includes non-medical forms of support, such as voice therapy and hair removal, as well as medical treatments like puberty blockers, hormone replacement therapy, and surgeries. Gender Dysphoria Puberty Blockers Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Gender-Affirming Surgeries Non-Medical Care Why Gender-Affirming Care Matters Attacks on Gender-Affirming Care Myths about Gender-Affirming Care What is Gender Dysphoria? Transgender people often seek gender-affirming care as a way to reduce gender dysphoria. Gender dysphoria describes the deep distress many transgender people feel when their bodies do not match their gender identity. Gender dysphoria is linked to negative mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and suicidality. Not all transgender people experience gender dysphoria. Some transgender people experience gender incongruence, or the feeling of mismatch between their bodies and their gender identities, not deep distress. According to the WPATH’s 2022 Standards of Care, both gender dysphoria and gender incongruence should qualify patients to receive gender-affirming care as long as feelings have been notable and consistent. What are Pubertal Blockers? Physical changes associated with puberty can increase gender dysphoria for trans youth. Puberty-blocking medications suppress the body’s release of sex hormones. This can decrease the growth of facial and body hair, prevent voice deepening, limit the growth of genitalia, limit or stop breast development, and stop menstruation. As with other forms of gender-affirming care for youth, puberty blockers are only prescribed after careful consultations between a medical provider, the patient, and the patient’s parent or legal guardian. If the patient stops taking blockers, pubertal changes will resume. What is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)? Hormone Replacement Therapy (or HRT) describes the process of taking hormones to promote physical changes that affirm one’s gender identity. For transmasculine people, taking testosterone can lead to changes like body fat redistribution, facial and body hair growth, and voice deepening. For transfeminine people, taking estrogen can lead to changes like breast development and body fat redistribution. Like all medical procedures, HRT can have side effects, but for many transgender people, the physical and mental health benefits of HRT greatly outweigh any potential risks. What are Gender Affirming Surgeries? Top Surgery Not every trans person wants surgery, but there are lots of options for those who do. For transmasculine people, top surgery involves removing breast tissue, creating a natural chest contour, and removing or altering the nipples. For transfeminine people, top surgery often involves implants that make the chest bigger. Facial reconstruction surgeries can alter the cheekbones, nose, jaw, chin, or Adam’s apple. Bottom Surgery Bottom surgery for transmasculine people is more complicated and less common. Options include metoidioplasty, in which the existing genital tissue is rearranged, or phalloplasty, in which a penis is constructed from grafts and implants. Some transfeminine people get bottom surgery, most commonly a vaginoplasty, in which a vagina and a vulva are created from original genital tissue or grafts. Other Surgeries Transmasculine people who plan to stay on HRT for life often get a hysterectomy, or removal of the uterus. Transfeminine people who plan to stay on HRT for life often get an orchiectomy, or removal of the testes. Non-Medical Care Counseling Counseling from an affirming mental healthcare provider can empower trans individuals to explore their gender identity, plan their social transition, and prepare for gender-affirming surgery if desired. Appearance Experimentation with visual style gives trans folx an opportunity to explore their gender expression. This may include wearing different hair, makeup, or nail styles. Trying different clothing styles and body part occlusion, like binding or tucking, or accentuation, like hip or butt padding, are other avenues by which a trans person may pursue gender affirmation. In some cases, seeking hair removal treatments, such as shaving, waxing, laser, or electrolysis, can contribute to a person's sense of affirmation. Voice For some, changing the pitch, intonation, timbre, speed, or other qualities of the voice may be an important aspect of their gender-affirming journey. Voice training, vocal cord surgery, or changes associated with masculinizing HRT can facilitate such auditory changes. Why Gender Affirming Care Matters Gender-affirming care is a powerful support for the overall physical, mental, and emotional well-being of transgender and gender-diverse youth and adults. It significantly reduces negative mental health outcomes, including depression and suicidality. It also supports the overall physical health of transgender people, ensuring they receive respectful and effective care that centers their needs. Attacks on Gender-Affirming Care Despite the clear evidence for the benefits of gender-affirming care, transphobic politicians and medical providers are working to restrict and even prohibit access to it. In November 2022, the Florida Board of Medicine voted to ban access to puberty blockers, hormone replacement therapy, and gender-affirming surgeries for youth. Then, in April 2023, the Senate advanced a bill that would: Heavily penalize healthcare providers for administering gender-affirming care to patients Revoke the medical licenses of those providers Prohibit Medicaid from covering gender-affirming care Allow the state to remove children from their parent(s) if their parent(s) have authorized—or might authorize—gender-affirming care Classify gender-affirming care as “serious physical harm" despite consensus from the medical community that gender-affirming care is safe and effective for treating dysphoria However, this ban was blocked in June 2023 by a Federal district court on the basis that it violates the Constitution's equal protection clause by singling out trans minors. While this temporary block is in place, minors can still legally access gender-affirming care. Myths About Gender-Affirming Care There is a wealth of misinformation and misunderstanding surrounding gender-affirming care. Visit our article to learn what these myths are and how to counter them. This article was written by Yarrow Koning References Boyle, P. (2022, October 13). What is gender-affirming care? Your questions answered. AAMC. https://www.aamc.org/news/what-gender-affirming-care-your-questions-answered Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Gender affirmation (confirmation) or sex reassignment surgery. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21526-gender-affirmation-confirmation-or-sex-reassignment-surgery Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Voice feminization surgery. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21779-voice-feminization-surgery Coleman, E. et al. (2022) Standards of care for the health of transgender and gender diverse people, version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health. 32 (1). S1-S258. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644 Federal judge blocks Florida ban on Medicaid funds for transgender treatment. (2023, June 22). CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/florida-ban-medicaid-funds-transgender-treatment-federal-judge-blocks/ Gender affirmation nonsurgical services. (2023, March 8). Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/gender-affirmation-nonsurgical-services Hysto.net. (n.d.). Reasons for transgender men to get a hysterectomy. https://www.hysto.net/reasons-transmen-get-hysterectomy.htm Nolan, I. T., Kuhner, C. J., & Dy, G. W. (2019). Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6626314/ Weiss, E. (2022, September 20). Gender-Affirming Care When Your Gender is Nonbinary. Plume Health. https://getplume.co/blog/gender-affirming-care-when-your-gender-is-nonbinary/

What are the Black Cat Protests? Battle in Courts Legacy What are the Black Cat Protests? On February 11, 1967, the first documented LGBTQ+ civil rights demonstration against police brutality in the nation took place at a small tavern named the Black Cat in the Silver Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Hundreds of members of the LGBTQ+ community as well as known activist organizations such as PRIDE and SCCHR came together for a demonstration to peacefully protest the rampant police brutality and discrimination against the LGBTQ+ community. The demonstration was, more specifically, in response to a police raid that occurred the previous New Year's Eve. Eight undercover police officers barged into a gay bar just as many of the patrons were sharing their New Year's kiss and violently tore apart couples and beat men, ultimately resulting in a total of fourteen arrests. This historic and monumental demonstration of gay rights activists took place nearly two years prior to the well-known Stonewall Riots and is seen by many as the spark that ignited the LGBTQ civil rights movement. Battle in the Courts The Black Cat constantly faced harassment from the police, who tried to do everything in their power to shut down and punish those who chose to gather there, which was, unsurprisingly, many gay males. The San Francisco Police Department worked closely with the Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission to use its power against the bar despite the recent repeal of prior prohibition laws. With increased crowds of gay community members flocking to the bar at night, the police took this opportunity to charge the owner with a variety of crimes, including “keeping a disorderly conduct” and “illegal and immoral acts,” which resulted in the bar getting their liquor license voided, meaning the bar could no longer legally distribute alcohol to patrons. ​The court case appealing this ruling, Stouman vs. Riley (Stouman being the bar owner), made its way to the California Supreme Court. This court case marked one of the first official wins for LGBTQ+ rights in the court system. The judge ruled that the Black Cat’s liquor license was suspended under inadequate circumstances. The ruling confirmed that the fact that the bar served as a common gathering place for gay individuals was not a good enough cause to suspend their license. This ruling was one of the first rulings seen to protect LGBTQ+ rights. ​ Fighting the System Following this ruling, California passed a constitutional amendment forming the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, which used its broad powers to again shut down the Black Cat bar as well as many other prominently gay establishments for being a “resort for sexual perverts.” A new case was once again brought to the California Supreme Court, which upheld its previous protections for gay bars and ruled the law used to get them to shut down as unconstitutional. Despite the ruling in favor of gay establishments, it was not a complete victory since even though gay individuals could gather legally, they could not touch physically in any way, or else it would be criminalized. ​ Another battle in court involved 6 out of the 14 men who were arrested who were forced to register as sex offenders after kissing on New Year's Eve while the police raid occurred. The lawyer of these men used their sexual orientation to demand equal protection of rights under the 14th Amendment. This is the first time that sexual orientation was argued as a characteristic protected by the 14th Amendment. Legacy The Black Cat Protests preceded the well-known Stonewall riots by approximately two years. It is remembered today as one of the very first demonstrations from the LGBTQ community demanding equal rights and fair treatment in light of the ongoing police harassment. ​ References Branson-Potts, H. (2017, February 8). Before Stonewall, there was the Black Cat; LGBTQ leaders to mark 50th anniversary of protests at Silver Lake. Los Angeles Times; Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-silver-lake-black-cat-lgbtq-20170208-story.html Dominguez, Laura. (2017, February 11). LGBTQ Activism Started Here: L.A. and the Black Cat Protests of 1967. KCET. https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/the-black-cat-harbinger-of-lgbtq-civil-rights ‌Wikipedia Contributors. (2021, December 1). Black Cat Tavern. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Cat_Tavern

What is Employment Discrimination? Timeline (1953-2021) Legacy What is Employment Discrimination? The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission states that employment discrimination involves unequal treatment, harassment, denial of a reasonable workplace change, improper questions regarding disclosure, or retaliation on the basis of “race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, disability, age (age 40 or older), or genetic information.” While it may seem like a victory that should’ve been granted years ago, it was just as recently as June 2020 that the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the 1964 Civil Rights Act protects employees who identify as part of the LGBTQ+ community from discrimination based on sex. The 6-3 ruling was an enormous victory for the LGBTQ community, especially in light of the presidential administration, led by President Donald Trump, siding with employers who were said to be discriminating against employees due to their identity. ​ This win comes after a long and hard battle of employment discrimination that has affected the LGBTQ+ community for years. Historically, homosexuality, along with other sexual and gender identities, has been used as justification for firing individuals and discriminating against them in the hiring process by giving the job to another candidate instead, despite other qualifications. The list of instances where individuals were discriminated against in the workforce solely due to their LGBTQ+ identity is a long and tiring one involving a plethora of court cases and governmental acts. The LGBTQ+ community has continuously fought for years for protection in the workplace, and even in light of recent victories, the fight is far from over. Timeline April 1953: President Dwight D. Eisenhower passed an executive order stating that gay people were banned from holding federal positions. Under this order, homosexuality was placed under the category of sexual perversion. Eisenhower’s executive order was in place for nearly 20 years. July 1975: A bill was introduced by the federal government that would prohibit any form of discrimination based on sexual orientation. This was the first bill of its kind introduced. Unfortunately, it was never considered by the judiciary committee. However, homosexual workers were no longer instantly declined from federal positions. February 1994: Clinton passed the DADT (Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell) Act, which allowed gay men and women to remain in the military as long as they kept their sexuality hidden. Despite its intentions to protect, tens of thousands lost their positions. September 2011: President Barack Obama took action to repeal DADT (Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell). While its repeal was beneficial, close to 12,000 individuals who were in the military were discharged after they decided not to suppress and hide their sexuality. March 2020: The White House staff passed a policy prohibiting transgender individuals from serving in the U.S. Military. Their argument on the permissibility of this policy was that the treatments transgender individuals receive, such as hormone therapy, may hinder their ability to serve and impact their readiness and ability to complete their duties. June 2020: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the 1964 Civil Rights Act protects employees who identify as part of the LGBTQ+ community from discrimination based on sex. The ruling won with a 6-3 majority to protect LGBTQ+ individuals in the workplace. The ruling of Bostock v Clayton County was, therefore, a huge win as the LGBTQ+ community’s employment rights are now included in the protections of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which also protects people based on race, color, religion, sex, and ethnicity. Bostock was a gay man working in Clayton County. He received great reviews and evaluations as a child welfare service coordinator. After years of working for the company, Bostock became involved in a gay softball league that was looked down upon by his employees. While in a meeting, a colleague of his mentioned sexuality in front of the supervisor of the company. Shortly after, Bostock received word from the county that he had been fired for “conduct unbecoming of its employees.” Bostock filed a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC), claiming that he faced discrimination from the county based on his sexual orientation. After appealing through multiple courts, his case was finally heard by the Supreme Court, which ruled in Bostock's favor. January 2021: On the 21st of January, President Biden passed an executive order titled “Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation.” This executive order prohibits employers from discriminating against current or potential employees based on sexual or gender identity. The president explains that children should have access to bathrooms and sports regardless of identity, and adults should feel confident that they will not lose their job due to prejudice. The foundation of this order is based on the Constitution and backed by Bostock vs Clayton, in which “the Supreme Court held that Title VII’s prohibition on discrimination “because of . . . sex” covers discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation.” This order strengthened protections for the LGBTQ+ community in the workplace and other environments. Only a few days later, on January 25, 2021, President Biden signed an executive order (Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform), which reversed Trump’s order banning transgender individuals from serving in the military. President Biden writes, “It is my conviction as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces that gender identity should not be a bar to military service,” and emphasizes that transgender individuals hold no negative impact on the effectiveness of the U.S. armed forces. Legacy While this timeline comes nowhere near to documenting the vast number of individuals who have experienced employment discrimination, it highlights some major instances and decisions. Not long ago, employment discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity was prohibited and recognized by the Supreme Court. However, this does not mean the struggle is over or that these biases no longer exist. References Bostock v. Clayton County. (n.d.). Oyez. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/17-1618 Dishman, L. (2018, June 11). A brief (and depressing) history of LGBT workers’ rights. Fast Company; Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/40582182/a-brief-and-depressing-history-of-lgbt-workers-rights ‌ Executive Order on Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform | The White House. (2021, January 25). The White House; The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-enabling-all-qualified-americans-to-serve-their-country-in-uniform/ Executive Order on Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation | The White House. (2021, January 21). The White House; The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-preventing-and-combating-discrimination-on-basis-of-gender-identity-or-sexual-orientation/ Supreme Court Delivers Major Victory To LGBTQ Employees. (2020, June 15). NPR.org. https://www.npr.org/2020/06/15/863498848/supreme-court-delivers-major-victory-to-lgbtq-employees ‌ What is Employment Discrimination? | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2021). Eeoc.gov. https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/what-employment-discrimination

What is a Pronoun? Examples General Tips What is a Pronoun? Pronouns are used as a substitution for one's name when referring to a person. Examples of pronouns include she, he, they, I, and we. While no defined rules exist for pronouns, our pronouns often correlate to our gender identity and expression. This differs from your sex, which is a combination of biological attributes, including genetic, physical, and hormonal characteristics. Click here to read more about the difference between sex and gender. Examples People identify with various pronouns such as she/her, he/him, and they/them. They allow a conversation to flow and all parties to understand who someone is referring to without constantly repeating their name. She/Her/Hers These pronouns are typically used by individuals who identify as female. Example: “She looks happy.” “I love her style.” “That shirt is hers.” He/Him/His These pronouns are typically used by individuals who identify as male. Example: “He looks happy.” “Give this to him.” “I love his style.” They/Them/Theirs These pronouns are typically used by individuals who identify as nonbinary or don’t identify as male or female. Example: “They look happy.” “I love their style.” “That shirt is theirs.” As you meet new people, you may find they use different pronouns than these or even a combination of them. For example, someone may use she/they pronouns or she/he/they. It is important to respect one's pronouns and use them correctly. General Tips Don’t assume pronouns. It is best to ask for someone’s pronouns while meeting them. Asking someone's pronouns right off the bat can help avoid misgendering and miscommunication. It may seem awkward at first, but here is a quick phrase you can use to respectfully and simply ask someone's pronouns when introducing yourself: “Hi, my name is ____, and I use (he/him, she/her, they/them) pronouns.” This simple gesture ensures everyone feels validated and comfortable. Recognize all parts of someone’s pronouns. If someone uses more than one pronoun, such as she/they, try not to default to the “typical” pronoun “she” all the time. Rather, use a variation of both throughout the conversation. Putting in the effort to use all pronouns rather than only the ones you may be used to shows that you respect and validate their identity. Don’t be ashamed of making a mistake. If you accidentally use the wrong pronouns, simply acknowledge it and continue. Transitioning to using someone's new pronouns can be strange and difficult to adapt to. Even someone who is using new pronouns may mess up every now and then. Don’t focus on the mistake. Instead, swiftly correct yourself and continue the conversation. As long as you put in the effort and actively correct your mistakes, you are doing a great job, and it will eventually become second nature. References Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2021). Merriam-Webster.com. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary Pronouns 101. (n.d.). https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/HRC_ACAF_Pronouns_101_(1).pdf ‌ Pronouns 101 | LGBT Resource Center. (2016). Uccs.edu. https://lgbtresourcecenter.uccs.edu/pronouns-101

What is Asexuality? What is Aromanticism? Ace and Aro Spectrums History Issues Symbols What is Asexuality? Asexuality is an umbrella term that encompasses orientations in which a person experiences little to no sexual attraction. There is also a distinct lack of desire to be physically/sexually intimate with others. Despite feeling no sexual attraction, asexual individuals can still form romantic and platonic relationships. They may even date or marry a sexual partner. The shorthand term "ace" is often used to describe asexual individuals. What is Aromanticism? Aromanticism is the lack of interest in or desire for romantic relationships. Where alloromantic (the opposite of aromantic) people have an emotional need to be with another person in a romantic relationship, aromantic people are often satisfied with friendships and other non-romantic relationships. The shorthand term "aro" is often used to describe aromantic individuals. Ace and Aro Spectrums While some people who are asexual experience no sexual attraction, many fall somewhere between asexual and allosexual (the opposite of asexual). This region of sexuality is called gray-asexual or gray-A. It includes demisexual, which means that you only experience sexual attraction after forming a strong romantic connection with someone. ​ Similarly, demiromantic people experience a romantic attraction only after forming a strong emotional connection with someone. Asexual History The idea of asexuality has evolved greatly since its origin. In 1860, the first known mention of asexuality was referred to as “monosexual,” for those who do not engage in sex with a partner, but rather only themselves. In the 1940s and 50s, the Kinsey Scale, a test that places individuals on a  spectrum from heterosexual to homosexual, included a new category entitled “X” to refer to individuals who reported “no socio-sexual contacts or reactions.” Ace and Aro Issues There are many common myths about asexuality since it’s one of the most misunderstood and underrepresented sexual orientations. Common Misconceptions "Asexuality is the same as celibacy." Asexuality is NOT celibacy. Celibacy is a choice due to religious or personal beliefs, while asexuality is a sexual orientation. As we know, people don’t choose who (and how) they are or aren’t sexually attracted to others. "Asexuals don't experience love and can't form meaningful relationships." Asexuality covers sexual attraction, not romantic attraction. Asexuals are perfectly capable of loving, being loved, and forming healthy relationships. "Asexuals are just ace because they had a bad experience with sex." A person’s orientation is not determined by their history, good or bad. Past experiences with abuse do not “make” people asexual. "Asexuals can't have sex." Sex drive and sexual attraction are two different things. An asexual person can have a sex drive without feeling sexual attraction to anybody. Other asexuals may lack a sex drive completely, while others may be repulsed by sex altogether. "Aromantics can't feel love." Individuals who identify on the aromantic spectrum do indeed feel love. They experience familial and platonic love and may even feel a varying range of romantic love. "Someone who is aromantic is also asexual." Being both aromantic and asexual is possible, but it isn’t the default. An aromantic person may identify with any sexual orientation. Aromanticism does not automatically indicate asexuality. Other Issues A large amount of invalidation is directed towards asexuality and aromanticism both from outside and within the LGBTQ+ community. Many consider asexuality and aromanticism to be a "phase" that can be grown out of. Many people assume that asexual or aromantic people just "haven't found the right person." On top of this, asexuality is rarely discussed in sexual education. While many schools have made great strides in discussing same-sex relationships and gender non-conformity, they have failed to normalize feeling no sexual attraction at all. This makes many asexual and aromantic people question whether or not their lack of sexual attraction is acceptable. Ace and Aro Symbols Asexual Flag In 2010, several asexual websites held a contest to design an asexual flag. The asexual flag used today was designed by AVEN user Standup. This flag has four stripes: Black - Represents asexuals Grey - Represents gray-asexuals and demisexuals White - Represents allosexuals Purple - Represents community Aromantic Flag The first aromantic flag had four stripes: Green - The "opposite" of red, a traditionally romantic color) Yellow - Represents friendship Orange - Represents grey-aromantics (because it is between yellow and red) Black - Represent alloromantics. ​ This was later modified because it was considered too similar to the Rastafarian flag. The second flag consisted of 5 stripes: Dark and light green - Represent identities on the aromantic spectrum Yellow - Represents friendship Gray and Black - Represent the various sexualities within the aromantic community This yellow stripe was later replaced with white to be more visually appealing but retained the same meaning. Ace of Spades Because asexual is often shortened to ace, the ace of spades is a common symbol of asexuality. Ace of Hearts Because asexual is often shortened to ace, the ace of hearts is a common symbol of asexuality. This is specifically for alloromantic individuals, meaning they can experience romantic attraction. Ace Rings An ace ring is a term for a black ring that the wearer intends as a symbol of their asexual identity. It is usually worn on the middle finger. Arrow Because aromantic is often shortened to aro, an arrow is a common symbol of aromanticism. References Oxford University. (n.d.). Asexuality Meaning. Lexico Dictionaries. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/asexuality. Oxford University. (n.d.). Aromantic Meaning. Lexico Dictionaries. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/aromantic. Overview. Overview | The Asexual Visibility and Education Network. (n.d.). https://www.asexuality.org/?q=overview.html. Asexual. LGBTA Wiki. (n.d.). https://lgbta.wikia.org/wiki/Asexual. Pride flags. The Gender & Sexuality Resource Center. (n.d.). https://www.unco.edu/gender-sexuality-resource-center/resources/pride-flags.aspx. Asexuality. LGBT+ 🏳️‍🌈 Wiki. (n.d.). https://lgbt-plus.fandom.com/wiki/Asexuality. Wikia.org. (n.d.). Aromantic. LGBTA Wiki. Retrieved from https://lgbta.wikia.org/wiki/Aromantic.

What is Pansexuality? Pansexuality and Bisexuality History Issues Symbols Pansexuality means an attraction to all gender identities. The prefix “pan” was chosen because it comes from the Greek root meaning “all.” Oftentimes, pansexuality is also defined as "attraction regardless of gender." Pansexuality and Bisexuality Pansexuality lies under the Bi+ Umbrella. While both bisexual and pansexual refer to attraction to multiple genders, pansexuality is commonly considered a more inclusive label. Bisexuality is often misunderstood as meaning "attraction to men and women," and some find this definition to be too limiting. Hence, individuals may choose pansexuality as their label to include non-binary, transgender, gender fluid, and other gender non-conforming people within the scope of their attraction. Others may identify as pansexual because they consider themselves attracted to others regardless of gender—or, as it's sometimes called, "genderblind." It's important to note, however, that this is not the case for everyone; many pansexuals do have gender preferences. Ultimately, whether a person decides to identify as bisexual or pansexual is a personal choice and should never be invalidated. Pansexual History Multi-gender attraction has been documented in humans—and animals!—throughout history. Although some of the earliest records of the term pansexual come from 1914, when it was called "pan-sexualism," the word as we know it came into play by the 1970s. This era was a pivotal time for LGBTQ+ identities that existed outside of the gay/lesbian box. Pansexuals had carved themselves a place in the bi+ community. Then, in the 1990s, "pansexual" was finally being used to refer to a community that had long been existing and thriving. Because all bi+ identities share a similar history up to a point, check out our Bisexuality article for a more in-depth look at multi-gender attraction throughout time. Pansexual Issues Misconceptions There are many myths surrounding bi+ identities, like pansexuality. Some of these include: Pansexuals are really either gay or straight and just need to figure things out Pansexuality is just a phase—a transition between straight and gay Pansexuals are more likely to cheat because they are attracted to everyone Pansexuals are more likely to sleep around because they are attracted to multiple genders Pansexuals think they are better than bisexuals because they are attracted to people's personalities and not their looks Pansexuals are never allowed to have gender preferences Pansexuals are not allowed to be explicitly sexual because they're supposed to be attracted to people's "souls", not their bodies These myths unfairly marginalize pansexual folx and erase and invalidate their sexuality. To learn more about the issues that affect all bi+ identities, see our Bisexuality article. Pansexual Symbols Pansexual Flag The pansexual pride flag was created in 2010 on the internet and has grown in popularity since. It has three colored bars: pink on top, yellow in the middle, and blue on the bottom. Pink - Attraction to those who identify as female Blue - Attraction to those who identify as male Yellow - Attraction to those who identify outside of the gender binary The P Symbol Another common symbol is a “P” with an arrow and crossed tail. The cross represents the symbol for Venus, which signifies female identity, while the arrow represents the symbol for Mars, signifying male identity. The two combine to form a "P", standing for pansexual. References LGBTQIA+ Wiki. (n.d.). Pansexual https://lgbta.fandom.com/wiki/Pansexual#:~:text=Another%20common%20symbol%20for%20pansexuality The Gender and Sexuality Resource Center. (n.d.). Pride Flags https://www.unco.edu/gender-sexuality-resource-center/resources/pride-flags.aspx#:~:text=The%20pansexual%20pride%20flag%20was,has%20gained%20popularity%20since%20then GLAAD. What is Pansexuality? https://www.glaad.org/blog/what-pansexuality-4-pan-celebs-explain-their-own-words Goldberg, Abbie, ed. (13 April 2016). The SAGE Encyclopedia of LGBTQ Studies. SAGE Publications. p. 833. ISBN 9781483371290 Hayfield, Nikki (2020). Bisexual and Pansexual Identities: Exploring and Challenging Invisibility and Invalidation. Routledge. pp. 1–17. ISBN 9780429875410 HuffPost. Wong, B. (2018, June 27). 9 things pansexual people want you to know. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/things-pansexual-people-want-you-to-know_n_5b328d99e4b0b745f17877cc Ka'ahumanu, Lani; Hutchins, Loraine, eds. (2015). Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out (2nd ed.). New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. p. 24. ISBN 978-1626011991 Rolling Stone. Zane, Z. (2019, October 4). What's the real difference between bi- and pansexual? https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/whats-the-real-difference-between-bi-and-pansexual-667087/

Transgender terminology and how it was used as little as a decade ago can now be considered outdated, misinformed, or just plain offensive. That’s why it’s important to stay educated on how certain words and phrases affect different parts of the LGBTQ+ community. You may think this isn't a big deal—they're just words, right? But remember, words have power! Those trying to tell you otherwise are people who probably don't have to worry about words like these being used against them. Here's what not to say: Transgender as a noun/verb Be mindful that using transgender as a noun or verb is often used as a means to dehumanize trans folx. Instead, transgender should only used as an adjective (e.g., trans woman or trans man) Wrong "There are a lot of transgenders on the team." "Is she a transgender?" "He transgendered last year." Right "There are a lot of transgender people on the team." "Is she a trans woman?" "He transitioned last year." "Sex Change" Using “sex change” or “sex reassignment surgery” implies that someone who is trans must have surgery in order to transition properly. Instead, talk about it in terms of “gender-affirming” surgery. By the way, don’t outright ask a trans person if they have undergone surgery. It’s a private matter and should be treated with dignity. "Transvestite" “Transvestite” is an old term that often misrepresents trans people. Historically, it most commonly refers to cisgender men who dress in feminine clothing. Today, that community prefers the term “cross-dresser” and finds “transvestite” to be insulting. Defamatory terms, including “tranny” and “she-male” are highly inappropriate slurs, used to discriminate against and dehumanize trans people. "Transsexual" “Transsexual” is a term used to describe a transgender person who has undergone gender-affirming medical procedures. However, “transsexual” is not an inclusive umbrella term like “transgender” is, as it only describes a trans person who has undergone a surgical procedure to transition. Furthermore, it emphasizes "sex," or a person's genitals. But being trans is about gender, not sex, so "transgender" is far more appropriate. Here's the bottom line: Although some of the terminology mentioned may not be considered offensive to all trans people, it is important to understand the potential impact words may have. Discrimination is not defined by the intent of the speaker, but by the effect it has on the listener. Change begins with you, and adapting your language is the first step to bringing about that change.